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Mandatory in 49 states. Premium math comes down to class code × payroll × experience modifier — here's how to lower each lever.
Side-by-side view of the most common coverage choices in this category.
| Feature | State fund Last resort | Standard carrier | Pay-as-you-go Variable payroll |
|---|---|---|---|
| Available to all employers | Underwriting | Underwriting | |
| Premium paid annually upfront | |||
| Premium based on actual payroll | |||
| Dividend / safety credit programs | |||
| Best for low-risk class codes | |||
| Typical low-risk rate / $100 payroll | $1.20 | $0.35 | $0.35 |
Who must carry it, how premium is calculated from payroll and class code, what the experience modifier does, and the exclusions that surprise employers.
From the moment of injury to claim closure — reporting deadlines, medical control, return-to-work, and the decisions that determine whether a claim costs $3,000 or $40,000.